puttycake wrote:Can someone good in evidence help me understand when prior acts can be used in a trial? I keep trying to understand and keep getting confused.
I just studied Evidence and will take a crack. It helps me to think of them in groups. This explanation only goes to FRE. Let me know if you need CA's too.
First, depends on what you are using the prior acts for. If you are using prior dishonest misconduct to impeach, then you can only use it on cross on a witness or another W whose character this W just testified about. You also can't use extrinsic evidence if the W denies this conduct.
Second, if you are using the prior act to prove MIMIC (motive, intent, lack of mistake, identity, common plan/scheme), then it's okay.
Finally, if you are using the prior act prove propensity, then it's generally not okay, but then again this can be divided into three groups (at least for me).
A.
The Rape Shield (I know the lecture/outline usually puts this the last but I see it as an exception to the general rules so I like to think of it first). In
criminal cases, prior conducts can be used to prove sourse of semen/injury and consensual sex between D and the V. In
civil cases, V's specific sexual acts are admissible if probative value >>> unfair prejudice to V.
B.
Other Civil cases: Specific acts are okay: (1) if character is essential element in the case; and (2) to show prior sexual assault/child molestation by D.
C.
Other Criminal cases:
1. Prosecution can introduce D's prior sexual assault/child molestation (same as civil).
2. For other character trait (both D's and V's) NO specific are allowed on direct by either party.
3. On cross prosecution can inquire D's character witness about D's prior acts if D has opened the door to his character trait but can't can't use extrinsic evidence if the W denies.
I think that's it...