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What's going on TLSers?!

I had a few issues with the mentioned question. My first problem is: What were we supposed to look at in terms of the core of the argument? Additionally, can we look at the major flaw in this problem as a false dichotomy, which is why "E" is correct? Lastly, what is more important in stimulus the connection with the intermediate conclusion or with the primary conclusion in this case? Verbose, word question threw me off ...

The stimulus is saying that the ice sheet must have temporarily melted and the only proof is that we've only found similar fossils in ocean sediments or whatever. Maybe we haven't found enough of this kind of fossil to be so sure of that conclusion. I'm not sure E would be the correct answer as is if the conclusion was, say, "there is a great possibility that the ice sheet melted millions of years ago"