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During the application process on OSCAR, it appears that there are separate places for references and recommendations.

My question is, are people who are agreeing to write recommendations also, de facto, your references and you should list them? Or should references only include people whom are separately agreeing to be references and take phone calls, and I should be asking letter-writers separately if they are willing to be references?

99.9% of the judges require either recommendations OR references (and mostly recommendations). The answer to your first question is generally "yes" - the people that write you letters also likely have an understanding that they might be called by a judge to talk. I believe most of the letters actually include a sentence that says something like "I would be happy to speak with you further if you would like. my # is ________."