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I know from my time in the military that a lot of gov't jobs, from doctors to janitors, advertised that preference would be afforded to veterans, but I was curious if legal jobs for the federal gov't ever did this as well? Also, can you count your years of active military service toward your federal employee retirement years? I know you can with many of the jobs I've seen advertised in the past.

Yes and yes.

Also, since you haven't been to USAJOBS (http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/) before, you might want to go there and look at job postings for attorney positions. They answer both of your questions on pretty much every one of their postings and also provide contact information for HR Feds who can answer more complex questions.